Normal text.

Some normal text, <B> Bolded text <B> Followed by normal text.   
Some normal text, <B><I> Bold Italics Text <I><B> Followed by normal text.   
Some normal text, <I> Italics Text <I> Followed by normal text.   

Following is the normal Britons text 4 times repeated to have a very long file.

<B>The Britons (500 On)<B>

Following the withdrawal of the Roman legions to Gaul (modern France) around 400, the British Isles fell into a very dark period of several centuries from which almost no written records survive. The Romano-British culture that had existed under 400 years of Roman rule disappeared under relentless invasion and migration by barbarians. Celts came over from Ireland (a tribe called the Scotti gave their name to the northern part of the main island, Scotland). Saxons and Angles came from Germany, Frisians from modern Holland, and Jutes from modern Denmark. By 600, the Angles and Saxons controlled most of modern England. By 800, only modern Wales, Scotland, and West Cornwall remained in largely Celtic hands.

The new inhabitants were called Anglo-Saxons (from the Angles and Saxons). The Angles gave their name to the new culture (England from Angle-land), and the Germanic language they brought with them, English, replaced the native Celtic and previously imported Latin. Despite further invasions and even a complete military conquest at a later date, the southern and eastern parts of the largest British Isle have been called England (and its people and language English) ever since.

In 865 the relative peace of England was shattered by a new invasion. Danish Vikings who had been raiding France and Germany formed a great army and turned their attention on the English. Within 10 years, most of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms had fallen or surrendered. Only the West Saxons (modern Wessex) held out under Alfred, the only English ruler to be called "the Great."

England was divided among the Vikings, the West Saxons, and a few other English kingdoms for nearly 200 years. The Viking half was called the Danelaw ("under Danish law"). The Vikings collected a large payment, called the Danegeld ("the Dane's gold"), to be peaceful. The Danes became Christians and gradually became more settled. In time the English turned on the Danes, and in 954 the last Viking king of York was killed. England was united for the first time under an English king from Wessex.

In 1066 the Witan ("king's council") offered the crown to Harold, son of the Earl of Wessex. Two others claimed the throne: Harald Hardrada (meaning "the hard ruler"), King of Norway, and Duke William of Normandy. The Norwegian landed first, near York, but was defeated by Harold at the battle of Stamford Bridge. Immediately after the victory, Harold force-marched his army south to meet William at Hastings. The battle seesawed back and forth all day, but near dusk Harold was mortally wounded by an arrow in the eye. Over the next two years, William, now "the Conqueror," solidified his conquest of England.

During the remainder of the Middle Ages, the successors of William largely exhausted themselves and their country in a series of confrontations and wars attempting to expand or defend land holdings in France. The Hundred Years War between England and France was an on-and-off conflict that stretched from 1337 to 1453. It was triggered by an English king's claim to the throne of France, thanks to family intermarriages. The war was also fought over control of the lucrative wool trade and French support for Scotland's independence. The early part of the war featured a string of improbable, yet complete, English victories, thanks usually to English longbowmen mowing down hordes of ornately armored French knights from long range.

The English could not bring the war to closure, however, and the French rallied. Inspired by Joan of Arc, a peasant girl who professed divine guidance, the French fought back, ending the war with the capture of Bordeaux in 1453. The English were left holding only Calais on the mainland (and not for long).
ited for the first time under an English king from Wessex.

In 1066 the Witan ("king's council") offered the crown to Harold, son of the Earl of Wessex. Two others claimed the throne: Harald Hardrada (meaning "the hard ruler"), King of Norway, and Duke Withat had existed under 400 yearn landed first, near York, but was defeated by Harold at the battle of Stamford Bridge. Immediately after the victory, Harold force-marched his army south to meet William at Hastings. The battle seesawed back and forth all day, but near dusk Harold was mort modern Holland, and Jutes from eye. Over the next two years, William, now "the Conqueror," solidified his conquest of England.

During the remainder of the Middle Ages, the successors of William largely exhausted themselves and their country in a series of confrontations and wars attees gave their name to the new c holdings in France. The Hundred Years War between England and France was an on-and-off conflict that stretched from 1337 to 1453. It was triggered by an English king's claim to the throne of France, thanks to family intermarriages. The war was also fought parts of the la the lucrative wool trade and French support for Scotland's independence. The early part of the war featured a string of improbable, yet complete, English victories, thanks usually to English longbowmen mowing down hordes of ornately armored French knights r attention on .

The English could not bring the war to closure, however, and the French rallied. Inspired by Joan of Arc, a peasant girl who professed divine guidance, the French fought back, ending the war with the capture of Bordeaux in 1453. The English were left h and a few otheais on the mainland (and not for long).
ited for the first time under an English king from Wessex.

In 1066 the Witan ("king's council") offered the crown to Harold, son of the Earl of Wessex. Two others claimed the throne: Harald Hardrada (meaning "the ed. In time the English turned nd Duke Withat had existed under 400 yearn landed first, near York, but was defeated by Harold at the battle of Stamford Bridge. Immediately after the victory, Harold force-marched his army south to meet William at Hastings. The battle seesawed back and for throne: Harald near dusk Harold was mort modern Holland, and Jutes from eye. Over the next two years, William, now "the Conqueror," solidified his conquest of England.

During the remainder of the Middle Ages, the successors of William largely exhausted themselves and t William at Han a series of confrontations and wars attees gave their name to the new c holdings in France. The Hundred Years War between England and France was an on-and-off conflict that stretched from 1337 to 1453. It was triggered by an English king's claim to the thsuccessors of William largely ey intermarriages. The war was also fought parts of the la the lucrative wool trade and French support for Scotland's independence. The early part of the war featured a string of improbable, yet complete, English victories, thanks usually to English longbowmed by an Englishordes of ornately armored French knights r attention on .

The English could not bring the war to closure, however, and the French rallied. Inspired by Joan of Arc, a peasant girl who professed divine guidance, the French fought back, ending the war with, English victo Bordeaux in 1453. The English were left h and a few otheais on the mainland (and not for long).
ited for the first time under an English king from Wessex.

In 1066 the Witan ("king's council") offered the crown to Harold, son of the Earl of Wessex. Two e guidance, thethe throne: Harald Hardrada (meaning "the ed. In time the English turned nd Duke Withat had existed under 400 yearn landed first, near York, but was defeated by Harold at the battle of Stamford Bridge. Immediately after the victory, Harold force-marched hisaround 400, themeet William at Hastings. The battle seesawed back and for throne: Harald near dusk Harold was mort modern Holland, and Jutes from eye. Over the next two years, William, now "the Conqueror," solidified his conquest of England.

During the remainder of the came over fromhe successors of William largely exhausted themselves and t William at Han a series of confrontations and wars attees gave their name to the new c holdings in France. The Hundred Years War between England and France was an on-and-off conflict that stretched England. By 80453. It was triggered by an English king's claim to the thsuccessors of William largely ey intermarriages. The war was also fought parts of the la the lucrative wool trade and French support for Scotland's independence. The early part of the war featured a age they broughbable, yet complete, English victories, thanks usually to English longbowmed by an Englishordes of ornately armored French knights r attention on .

The English could not bring the war to closure, however, and the French rallied. Inspired by Joan of Arc, ple and languagwho professed divine guidance, the French fought back, ending the war with, English victo Bordeaux in 1453. The English were left h and a few otheais on the mainland (and not for long).
ited for the first time under an English king from Wessex.

In 1066 ngdoms had fallg's council") offered the crown to Harold, son of the Earl of Wessex. Two e guidance, thethe throne: Harald Hardrada (meaning "the ed. In time the English turned nd Duke Withat had existed under 400 yearn landed first, near York, but was defeated by Harold  was called thef Stamford Bridge. Immediately after the victory, Harold force-marched hisaround 400, themeet William at Hastings. The battle seesawed back and for throne: Harald near dusk Harold was mort modern Holland, and Jutes from eye. Over the next two years, William king of York wueror," solidified his conquest of England.

During the remainder of the came over fromhe successors of William largely exhausted themselves and t William at Han a series of confrontations and wars attees gave their name to the new c holdings in France. Tng of Norway, as War between England and France was an on-and-off conflict that stretched England. By 80453. It was triggered by an English king's claim to the thsuccessors of William largely ey intermarriages. The war was also fought parts of the la the lucrative wool trth all day, butsupport for Scotland's independence. The early part of the war featured a age they broughbable, yet complete, English victories, thanks usually to English longbowmed by an Englishordes of ornately armored French knights r attention on .

The English couldtheir country iwar to closure, however, and the French rallied. Inspired by Joan of Arc, ple and languagwho professed divine guidance, the French fought back, ending the war with, English victo Bordeaux in 1453. The English were left h and a few otheais on the mainland (arone of France,).
ited for the first time under an English king from Wessex.

In 1066 ngdoms had fallg's council") offered the crown to Harold, son of the Earl of Wessex. Two e guidance, thethe throne: Harald Hardrada (meaning "the ed. In time the English turned nd DukEnglish longbowisted under 400 yearn landed first, near York, but was defeated by Harold  was called thef Stamford Bridge. Immediately after the victory, Harold force-marched hisaround 400, themeet William at Hastings. The battle seesawed back and for throne: Harald near ing the war wit mort modern Holland, and Jutes from eye. Over the next two years, William king of York wueror," solidified his conquest of England.

During the remainder of the came over fromhe successors of William largely exhausted themselves and t William at Han a se a very dark petations and wars attees gave their name to the new c holdings in France. Tng of Norway, as War between England and France was an on-and-off conflict that stretched England. By 80453. It was triggered by an English king's claim to the thsuccessors of William the Scotti gavermarriages. The war was also fought parts of the la the lucrative wool trth all day, butsupport for Scotland's independence. The early part of the war featured a age they broughbable, yet complete, English victories, thanks usually to English longbowmed byotland, and Wess of ornately armored French knights r attention on .

The English couldtheir country iwar to closure, however, and the French rallied. Inspired by Joan of Arc, ple and languagwho professed divine guidance, the French fought back, ending the war with, Engplaced the natieaux in 1453. The English were left h and a few otheais on the mainland (arone of France,).
ited for the first time under an English king from Wessex.

In 1066 ngdoms had fallg's council") offered the crown to Harold, son of the Earl of Wessex. Two e gui
In 865 the rehrone: Harald Hardrada (meaning "the ed. In time the English turned nd DukEnglish longbowisted under 400 yearn landed first, near York, but was defeated by Harold  was called thef Stamford Bridge. Immediately after the victory, Harold force-marched hisarounthe West SaxonsWilliam at Hastings. The battle seesawed back and for throne: Harald near ing the war wit mort modern Holland, and Jutes from eye. Over the next two years, William king of York wueror," solidified his conquest of England.

During the remainder of the camelaw"). The Vikiccessors of William largely exhausted themselves and t William at Han a se a very dark petations and wars attees gave their name to the new c holdings in France. Tng of Norway, as War between England and France was an on-and-off conflict that stretched Englnited for the fIt was triggered by an English king's claim to the thsuccessors of William the Scotti gavermarriages. The war was also fought parts of the la the lucrative wool trth all day, butsupport for Scotland's independence. The early part of the war featured a age tndy. The Norweg, yet complete, English victories, thanks usually to English longbowmed byotland, and Wess of ornately armored French knights r attention on .

The English couldtheir country iwar to closure, however, and the French rallied. Inspired by Joan of Arc, ple artally wounded rofessed divine guidance, the French fought back, ending the war with, Engplaced the natieaux in 1453. The English were left h and a few otheais on the mainland (arone of France,).
ited for the first time under an English king from Wessex.

In 1066 ngdomions and wars aouncil") offered the crown to Harold, son of the Earl of Wessex. Two e gui
In 865 the rehrone: Harald Hardrada (meaning "the ed. In time the English turned nd DukEnglish longbowisted under 400 yearn landed first, near York, but was defeated by Harold  was arriages. The wmford Bridge. Immediately after the victory, Harold force-marched hisarounthe West SaxonsWilliam at Hastings. The battle seesawed back and for throne: Harald near ing the war wit mort modern Holland, and Jutes from eye. Over the next two years, William kingf ornately armo," solidified his conquest of England.

During the remainder of the camelaw"). The Vikiccessors of William largely exhausted themselves and t William at Han a se a very dark petations and wars attees gave their name to the new c holdings in France. Tng ofx in 1453. The English were lef and France was an on-and-off conflict that stretched Englnited for the fIt was triggered by an English king's claim to the thsuccessors of William the Scotti gavermarriages. The war was also fought parts of the la the lucrative wool trth all day, butsupporost no written s independence. The early part of the war featured a age tndy. The Norweg, yet complete, English victories, thanks usually to English longbowmed byotland, and Wess of ornately armored French knights r attention on .

The English couldtheir country iwar to main island, Ser, and the French rallied. Inspired by Joan of Arc, ple artally wounded rofessed divine guidance, the French fought back, ending the war with, Engplaced the natieaux in 1453. The English were left h and a few otheais on the mainland (arone of France,).
itnds.

The newt time under an English king from Wessex.

In 1066 ngdomions and wars aouncil") offered the crown to Harold, son of the Earl of Wessex. Two e gui
In 865 the rehrone: Harald Hardrada (meaning "the ed. In time the English turned nd DukEnglish longbowisted  Despite furthe landed first, near York, but was defeated by Harold  was arriages. The wmford Bridge. Immediately after the victory, Harold force-marched hisarounthe West SaxonsWilliam at Hastings. The battle seesawed back and for throne: Harald near ing the war wit mort  a new invasion and Jutes from eye. Over the next two years, William kingf ornately armo," solidified his conquest of England.

During the remainder of the camelaw"). The Vikiccessors of William largely exhausted themselves and t William at Han a se a very dark petationthe only Englises gave their name to the new c holdings in France. Tng ofx in 1453. The English were lef and France was an on-and-off conflict that stretched Englnited for the fIt was triggered by an English king's claim to the thsuccessors of William the Scotti gavermarre Danegeld ("thwas also fought parts of the la the lucrative wool trth all day, butsupporost no written s independence. The early part of the war featured a age tndy. The Norweg, yet complete, English victories, thanks usually to English longbowmed byotland, and Wess of osex.

In 1066 the Witan ("kinr attention on .

The English couldtheir country iwar to main island, Ser, and the French rallied. Inspired by Joan of Arc, ple artally wounded rofessed divine guidance, the French fought back, ending the war with, Engplaced the natieaux in 1453. The Englat the battle o and a few otheais on the mainland (arone of France,).
itnds.

The newt time under an English king from Wessex.

In 1066 ngdomions and wars aouncil") offered the crown to Harold, son of the Earl of Wessex. Two e gui
In 865 the rehrone: Harald Hardrada, now "the Conqed. In time the English turned nd DukEnglish longbowisted  Despite furthe landed first, near York, but was defeated by Harold  was arriages. The wmford Bridge. Immediately after the victory, Harold force-marched hisarounthe West SaxonsWilliam at Hastings. The Hundred Yearwed back and for throne: Harald near ing the war wit mort  a new invasion and Jutes from eye. Over the next two years, William kingf ornately armo," solidified his conquest of England.

During the remainder of the camelaw"). The Vikiccessors of William laade and French  themselves and t William at Han a se a very dark petationthe only Englises gave their name to the new c holdings in France. Tng ofx in 1453. The English were lef and France was an on-and-off conflict that stretched Englnited for the fIt was triggered by an not bring the  claim to the thsuccessors of William the Scotti gavermarre Danegeld ("thwas also fought parts of the la the lucrative wool trth all day, butsupporost no written s independence. The early part of the war featured a age tndy. The Norweg, yet complete, Englisnd not for long).

<B> The next line is the end of the file <B>
==END==
